Style

Turabian 9

Used In

History

In-text Format

Footnote¹ or (Smith 2023, 45)

Published by

University of Chicago Press (UCP)

What Is Turabian Citation Style?

Turabian Style (9th Edition) is a student-friendly adaptation of The Chicago Manual of Style, developed by Kate Turabian. It uses the same two-system approach as Chicago — Notes-Bibliography (NB) for humanities and Author-Date (AD) for sciences — but with simplified guidelines specifically for research papers and student writing. If your instructor says "Chicago style," they often mean Turabian.

Primary disciplines: History, Humanities (student papers)

Turabian 9 Citation Examples

Footnote NB

¹ John Smith, The History of Modern Art (Chicago: University Press, 2020), 45.

Bibliography

Smith, John. The History of Modern Art. Chicago: University Press, 2020.

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Key Turabian 9 Rules

Same NB and AD systems as Chicago 17th Edition
Footnotes numbered sequentially throughout the paper
Bibliography at end: alphabetical, hanging indent
Ibid. permitted for same source as immediately preceding note

Turabian 9 vs Other Formats

Chicago 17

Turabian is a simplified version of Chicago for students. Professional academics and publishers use the full Chicago Manual; students use Turabian

Supported Source Types

✓ Historical monographs✓ Academic journals✓ Primary sources and archives✓ Websites✓ Government documents

Generate Citations in Other Formats

APA 7 →MLA 9 →Chicago 17 →Harvard →IEEE →

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