The TCP/IP and OSI Networking Model: Comparative Analysis of De Facto and Training Standards
Overview
This paper examines the TCP/IP and OSI networking models, exploring their distinct characteristics and roles in computer networking. The author argues that both models coexist and complement each other—TCP/IP as a de facto standard and OSI as a training standard—to facilitate efficient internet connectivity and interoperability across diverse systems and software environments.
What this coursework covers
- Introduction to TCP/IP model: historical context from 1970s Department of Defense and definition of de facto standards
- OSI networking model overview: seven-layer architecture from 1980s and its role as a training standard
- Comparative analysis: how TCP/IP and OSI work together to enable interoperability and efficient internet protocol standards
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The TCP/IP and OSI Networking Model
TCP/IP (internet protocol) aims to provide a channel on how computers should be connected to the internet. The model was first established by the department of defense in the 1970s (Williams, 2012). Typically, TCP/IP contains standard protocols which determine the channels to be used when connecting a computer to the internet. "defacto" standard can be described as the accepted practice. However, the practice does not have documentation to show that the public has vetted it. In this case, its use has been accepted due to support from the public.
Additionally, “defacto” standards are usually accepted due to reliability and efficiency. The OSI networking model is a concept used to define the networking system (Halsall, 2002). The goal of the OSI networking model is to develop universal rules that efficiently help computer systems integrate with the software. The OSI networking version was developed in the 1980s, and it has seven layers compared to TCP/IP's four layers. "defacto" and "training standard" both exist for several reasons. Firstly, both TCP/IP and OSI networking models work together and facilitate efficient internet connection in different software.
As discussed, OSI enables the collaboration of computer systems with varied hardware. When the computer system is well integrated, it means the internet protocol standards will run efficiently (Halsall, 2002). Although the TCP/IP "defacto" standards are independent, the OSI "training standard" provides a channel to enhance efficiency (Williams, 2012).