Q4. (a) Oil with density 870 kg/m3 is conveyed through a pipe at a discharge of 0.11 m3 /s. At a certain location the pipe bends downwards in the vertical plane through an angle of 30 degrees. The pipe has diameter 311 mm at the bend inlet and 211 mm at the bend outlet, and the outlet is 2.5 m below the inlet. The volume of oil contained in the bend is 0.25 m3 . Draw a clearly-labelled definition sketch for the problem. If the gauge pressure at the bend inlet is 200 kPa, calculate the gauge pressure at the outlet and the fluid force on the bend. Assume no losses in the bend.
