In the collision of two protons, the final state contains a particle of mass m besides the protons.
(a) Give an expression for the minimum (threshold) energy Ep for the process to happen and for the corresponding momentum pp if the target proton is at rest.
(b) Give the expression of the minimum energy E*p for the process to happen and of the corresponding momentum p*p if the two protons collide with equal and opposite velocities.
(c) How large are the threshold energies in cases (a) and (b) if the produced particle is a pion? How large is the kinetic energy in the first case?
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