A steel pipeline conveys water (density 1000 kg/m3 , bulk modulus 2.05×109 N/m2 ) from an upper to a lower reservoir the pipeline material is steel with Young’s modulus 210×109 N/m2 . It is 611 m long, has an internal diameter 1.1m, wall thickness 25 mm and surface roughness 0.68 mm. The flow is controlled by a valve located at the entrance to the lower reservoir, 211 m below the surface level in the upper reservoir.
| (a) Under steady flow conditions the valve is in the open position and the gauge pressure in the pipeline just before the valve is 1000 kN/m2. Assuming rough turbulent flow and considering head losses due to friction along the pipe only, calculate the steady flow discharge. Confirm that the flow is indeed rough turbulent. |
